Tuesday, August 24, 2010

False Cognates or Translator's False Friends

Hello! Hello! Today we are going to look at false cognates in Spanish. Cognates in general as a phenomenon is a neat thing. They make studying a foreign language so easy. This is especially true for the English speakers who study Spanish and vice versa. Like: bank and banco, or office and oficina, etc. BUT, there are words that can be very tricky and if you are serious about studying Spanish you better know them! This is a big piece of work to do for today. So, my learning tip for this section today is to make flash cards and review these two or three times a day. The good thing about the flashcards is that while you are making them, you are already learning. And then you are learning when you are looking them through. So, please, do not be lazy and get this job done. You can share with us how you did, if you want to. I would really appreciate it!




Actualmente - Actually
Actualmente (Span.) = Currently, presently
Example:
(Span.) El Sr. Zapatero es actualmente el presidente del gobierno.
(Eng.) Mr. Zapatero is currently the president of the government.

Actually (Eng.) = en realidad
Example:
(Eng.) He is actually embarrassed about what he said.
(Span.) En realidad se siente avergonzado por lo que dijo.
Advertencia - Advertisement

Advertencia (Span.) = warning or piece of advice
Example:
(Span.) Ponen advertencias sobre los peligros para la salud en los paquetes de tabaco.
(Eng.) They put health warnings on cigarrette packs.

Advertisement (Eng.) = anuncio
Example:
(Eng.) Vi un anuncio interesante anoche en la televisión.
(Span.) Last night I saw an interesting advertisement on television.
Asistir - Assist

Asistir (Span.) = attend
Example:
(Span.) 50 personas asistieron a la reunión.
(Eng.) 50 people attended the meeting.

Assist (Eng.) = ayudar
Example:
(Eng.) The firemen assisted all of those affected by the fire.
(Span.) Los bomberos ayudaron a todos los afectados por el incendio.
Blanco - Blank

Blanco = white
Example:
(Span.) Mi coche es blanco.
(Eng.) My car is white.

Blank = en blanco
Example:
(Eng.) My mind is blank - I can't think of anything.
(Span.) Estoy en blanco - no se me ocurre nada. 
Campo - Camp

Campo = country(side)
Example:
(Span.) Mis tíos viven en el campo.
(Eng.) My aunt and uncle live in the country.

Camp = campamento
Example:
(Eng.) Me gustaba mucho el campamento de verano cuando era joven.
(Span.) I loved the summer camp when I was young.
Carpeta - Carpet

Carpeta = file, folder, portfolio
Example:
(Span.) Tengo mis papeles aquí en una carpeta.
(Eng.) I have my papers here in a file / folder / portfolio.

Carpet = alfombra
Example:
(Eng.) We bought a nice Persian carpet for 1000 dollars.
(Span.) Compramos una bonita alfombra persa por 1000 dólares.
Complexión - Complexion

Complexión = physical build
Example:
(Span.) Pepe es de complexión fuerte.
(Eng.) Pepe is heavily built.

Complexion = color de la piel
Example:
(Eng.) She has a light complexion.
(Span.) Ella tiene la piel clara.
Compromiso - Compromise

Compromiso = an obligation, promise, or agreement
Example:
(Span.) No podré ayudarte hoy porque tengo varios compromisos.
(Eng.) I can't help you today because I have several things I have to do.

Compromise = concesiones recíprocas (un acuerdo)
Example:
(Eng.) The political parties reached a compromise on the issue.
(Span.) Los partidos políticos llegaron a un acuerdo sobre el asunto.
Contestar - Contest

Contestar(Span.) = answer, reply
Example: 
(Span.) Me contestaron después de tres días.
(Eng.) They answered me three days later.
Contest (Eng.) = disputar
Example:
(Eng.) They contested his claim.
(Span.) Disputaron su petición.
Corresponder - Correspond

Corresponder (Span.) = match
Example:
(Span.) Sus gustos corresponden con los míos.
(Eng.) His tastes match mine.

Correspond (Eng.) = escribirse
Example:
(Eng.) Nos escribimos dos veces al mes.
(Span.) We write each other twice a month.
Chocar - Choke

Chocar = crash (into)
Example:
(Span.) Los dos coches chocaron pero nadie se hizo daño.
(Eng.) The two cars crashed but no one was injured.

Choke = atragantarse
Example:
(Eng.) He almost choked when he was having dinner.
(Span.) El casí se atragantó mientras cenaba.

Delito - Delight
Delito (Span.) = crime, offence
Example:
(Span.) El chico cometió tres delitos en un mes.
(Eng.) The boy committed three crimes in one month.

Delight (Eng.) = encanto
Example:
(Eng.) Su forma de hablar es un encanto.
(Span.) Her way of speaking is a delight.
Disgusto - Disgust

Disgusto (Span.) = annoyance, displeasure
Example:
(Span.) Este niño me da muchos disgustos.
(Eng.) This boy gives me a lot of displeasure.

Disgust (Eng.) = repugnancia
Example:
(Eng.) The sight of the starving children made me feel disgust.
(Span.) Sentí repugnancia al ver los niños muriéndose de hambre me.

NOTE: Disgusto is not as strong as disgust.
Educado - Educated

Educado (Span.) = well-mannered, polite
Example:
(Span.) ¡Qué hombre más educado¡
(Eng.) What a well-mannered man!
Educated (Eng.) = con estudios
Example:
(Eng.) He is an educated man.
(Span.) Es un hombre con muchos estudios.
Embarazada - Embarrassed

Embarazada (Span.) = pregnant
Example:
(Span.) Ella está embarazada de 7 meses.
(Eng.) She is 7 months pregnant.

Embarrassed (Eng.) = (sentirse) avergonzado
Example:
(Eng.) Ella se sintió avergonzada por lo que dijo.
(Span.) She felt embarrassed about what she said.
Estar constipado - Be constipated

estar constipado = to have a cold
Example:
(Span.) Estoy constipado desde hace tres días.
(Eng.) I've had a cold for three days now.

be constipated = estar estreñido

(Eng.) I've been constipated for two days now.
(Span.) Estoy estreñido desde hace dos días ahora.
Éxito - Exit

Éxito (Span.) = success (tener éxito = be successful)
Example:
(Span.) Julio Iglesias ha tenido mucho éxito con sus canciones.
(Eng.) Julio Iglesias has been very successful with his songs.

Exit (Eng.) = salida
Example:
(Eng.) The exit is towards the back of the room.
(Span.) La salida está hacia el fondo de la sala.
Fábrica - Fabric

Fábrica (Span.) = factory
Example:
(Span.) Esta fábrica produce 190 horcas portacables al mes.
(Eng.) This factory produces 190 cable booms per month.

Fabric (Eng.) = tela
Example:
(Eng.) This fabric is 50% cotton.
(Span.) Esta tela tiene el 50% de algodón.
Falta - Fault

Falta (Span.) = lack, need
Example:
(Span.) Hay una gran falta de agua dulce en el mundo.
(Eng.) There is a great lack of fresh water in the world.

Fault (Eng.) = defecto, imperfección
Example:
(Eng.) She has many faults, but is basically a good person.
(Span.) Ella tiene muchos defectos, pero es buena persona en el fondo.
Grabar - Grab

Grabar (Span.) = record
Example:
(Span.) Julio Iglesias grabó tres discos el año pasado.
(Eng.) Julio Inglesias recorded three records last year.

grab (Eng.) = agarrar, coger (Spain)
Example:
(Eng.) El agarró al niño para que no se cayera.
(Span.) He grabbed the boy so that he wouldn't fall.
Idioma - Idiom

Idioma (Span.) = language
Example:
(Span.) El español es un idioma relativamente fácil de aprender.
(Eng.) Spanish is a language which is relatively easy to learn.

Idiom (Eng.) = fraser hecha, modismo
Example:
(Eng.) "It's raining cats and dogs" is an idiom in English.
(Span.) "Llueve a cántaros" es una frase hecha en español.
Ignorar - Ignore

Ignorar (Span.) = not be aware of
Example:
(Span.) Pepe ignora la historia de Etiopía.
(Eng.) Pepe is not aware of (knows nothing about) the history of Ethiopia.

Ignore (Eng.) = no hacer(le) caso
Example:
(Eng.) The clerk simply ignored us.
(Span.) El dependiente simplemente no nos hizo caso.
Largo - Large

Largo (Span.) = long
Example:
(Span.) Es un viaje muy largo hasta Madrid.
(Eng.) It's a long trip to Madrid.

Large (Eng.) = grande
Example:
(Eng.) She has a very large house.
(Span.) Ella tiene una casa muy grande.
Lectura - Lecture

Lectura (Span.) = act of reading
Example:
(Span.) La lectura del Quijote merece la pena.
(Eng.) Reading don Quijote is a worthwhile endevor.

Lecture (Eng.) = conferencia
Example:
(Eng.) The lecture lasted an hour and a half.
(Span.) La conferencia duró una hora y media.
Librería - Library

Librería (Span.) = bookstore
Example:
(Span.) La Cervantes es una librería importante en Salamanca.
(Eng.) The Cervantes is an important bookstore in Salamanca.

Library (Eng.) = biblioteca
Example:
(Eng.) There are two libraries in this town.
(Span.) Hay dos bibliotecas en este pueblo.
Mayor - Mayor

Mayor (Span.) = larger, older
Example:
(Span.) Este edificio es mayor que aquel.
(Eng.) This building is larger / older than that one.

Mayor (Eng.) = alcalde
Example:
(Eng.) Juan Valdez es el alcalde de Málaga.
(Span.) Juan Valdez es the mayor of
Molestar - Molest

Molest (Span.) = bother
Example:
(Span.) Mi hermano pequeño siempre me moleta.
(Eng.) My little brother is always bothering me.

Molest (Eng.) = acosar sexualmente
Example:
(Eng.) He is in prison for molesting children
(Span.) El está en la prisión por acosar sexualmente a menores.
Nombre - Number

Nombre (Span.) = name
Example:
(Span.) Mi nombre es Pedro. 
(Eng.) My name is Pedro.

Number (Eng.) = número
Example:
(Eng.) "6" is an even number.
(Span.) "6" es un número par.
Pariente - Parent

Pariente (Span.) = relative
Example:
(Span.) Tengo muchos parientes en Valencia.
(Eng.) I have a lot of relatives in Valencia.

Parent (Eng.) = padre / madre
Example:
(Eng.) My parents live in Valencia.
(Span.) (Mis padres) OR (Mi padre y mi madre) viven en Valencia.
Pretender - Pretend

Pretender (Span.) = want
Example:
(Span.) Ella pretende llegar a la cima.
(Eng.) She wants to reach the top.

Pretend (Eng.) = fingir
Example:
(Eng.) El está fingiendo que le duele.
(Span.) He's pretending that it hurts.
Raro - Rare

Raro (Span.) = strange
Example:
(Span.) Juan es una persona rara.
(Eng.) Juan is a strange person.

Rare (Eng.) = poco común
Example:
(Eng.) The black stork is becoming rare.
(Span.) La cigüeña negra se hace cada vez menos común
Realizar - Realize

Realizar (Span.) = undertake, fulfill
Example:
(Span.) Se están realizando muchas obras en esta ciudad.
(Eng.) They are undertaking a lot of construction in this city.

Realize (Eng.) = darse cuenta de
Example:
(Eng.) Luego se dio cuenta de que había dejado las llaves dentro de la casa.
(Span.) Later he realized that he had left his keys inside the house.
Recordar - Record

Recordar (Span.) = remember
Example:
(Span.) Nunca puedo recordar su cumpleaños.
(Eng.) I can never remember her birthday.

Record (Eng.) = grabar
Example:
(Eng.) Elvis Presley grabó muchos LPs durante su vida.
(Span.) Elvis Presley recorded a lot of LPs during his life.
Ropa - Rope

Ropa (Span.) = clothes, clothing
Example:
(Span.) Ella compra mucha ropa.
(Eng.) She buys a lot of clothes

Rope (Eng.) = cuerda, soga
Example:
(Eng.) Sujetaron el árbol con una cuerda.
(Span.) They fixed the tree with a rope.
Sensible - Sensible

Sensible (Span.) = sensitive
Example:
(Span.) Tengo la piel sensible donde me quemé.
(Eng.) My skin is sensitive where I burned myself.

Sensible (Eng.) = sensato
Example:
(Eng.) That's a very sensible idea.
(Span.) Esa es una idea muy sensata.
Serioso - Serious

The word "serioso" does NOT EXIST in Spanish. The proper word is "serio". Don't say 'serioso', ever.
Sopa - Soap

Sopa (Span.) = soup
Example:
(Span.) We like to eat soup in the winter.
(Eng.) Nos gusta comer sopa durante el invierno.

Soap (Eng.) = jabón
Example:
(Eng.) Yo uso un jabón líquido en 
(Span.) I use a liquid soap in the shower.
Soportar - Support

Soportar (Span.) = bear (stand)
Example:
(Span.) No soporto las telenovelas.
(Eng.) I can't stand soap operas.

Support (Eng.) = apoyar
Example:
(Eng.) We support him in everything he does.
(Span.) Lo apoyamos en todo lo que hace.
Suceso - Success

Suceso (Span.) = event
Example:
(Span.) El suceso ocurrió por la madrugada.
(Eng.) The event happened in the early morning.

Success (Eng.) = éxito
Example:
(Eng.) El tiene mucho éxito con la mujeres.
(Span.) He's very successful with women.
Últimamente - Ultimately

Ultimamente (Span.) = lately
Example:
(Span.) No ha llovido ultimamente.
(Eng.) It hasn't rained lately.

Ultimately (Eng.) = al final
Example:
(Eng.) Ultimately, he'll have to find a job.
(Span.) Al final tendrá que encontrar un trabajo.
Vaso - Vase

Vaso (Span.) = glass
Example:
(Span.) ¿Me trae un vaso de agua?
(Eng.) Will you bring me a glass of water?

Vase (Eng.) = florero
Example:
(Eng.) I want another vase to put the roses in.
(Span.) Quiero otro florero para poner las rosas.

As far as flashcards are concerned, there is a wonderful free (!) online resource called Anki. It allows you to make electronic flash cards, have your own online library of flash cards, add audio and pictures to every flash card. I personally am using it and it is a great resource! For more info go to http://ichi2.net/anki/
Stay motivated!
Lots of love, lots of respect,
Igor
PS: view this topic related video:


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